Post WWI
- Towards the end of World War I, the countries were still at battle to see who would take the blame for starting the war.Even the though the ceasefire took place on November 11,1918 it did not stop the Allies and the Central Powers from fighting. Exactly six months after the assisation of the Archduke that started the war, a peace treat was signed between the nations.
Treaty of Versailles
- On June 18, 1919, the Allies and the Central Powers gathered at the Palace of Versailles. Among them were twenty-seven other nations who also took part in the negotiations. Since the Central Powers had been defeated they were not allowed to take part in the negotiations.Germany was forced to take the blame and its consequences.The peace treaty consisted of stripping away Germany's lands and reduced the size of its army. Belgium was increased, and Germany had to pay for the expenses from the war. Austria and Hungary had separate peace treaties.
Germany's Reaction
-The people of Germany were outraged because of the treaty stated.Germany was offended that they couldn't take part in the treaty or fight for the unfair negotiations against them They didn't like the fact that they had to pay for all expenses and they had to take the fall. It took a toll on Germany's economy and led to a Depression. Millions of Germans were out of work and the government struggled to make ends meet. Once the United States stopped giving out loans to Germany it became very weak. It left many Germans seeking revenge.
Rise of Hitler
- I don't believe that the so called "peace" treaty was fair at all. For one thing Germany did not start the war, Austria declared war against Serbia which caused a chain of events. Germany was the most aggressive of the Central Powers but they should have not taken the fall. Germany's economy was struggling long before the war ended because they exaggerated the costs in military. It left Germany in crisis which of course would led to more war. Adolf Hitler and other Fascists came to power because of the unfair Treaty. They wanted revenge because their country was suffering and the people believed that Fascist leaders would pull them out of their depression and lead them back to their old glory.
Tuesday, February 24, 2009
Wednesday, February 11, 2009
Mustafa Kemal (Atatruk) and the Moderization of Turkey
Mustafa Kemal
Mustafa Kemal was the First President of the Turkish Republic during the 20th century. The Turkish people were proud of their national liberator.He was the leader of the Turkish emancipation. Mustafa first started in the military before he became the leader of Turkey.He was able to fight off and defeat his enemies on the East, West and the South with an unstable army.He holds a perfect military record of having only victories and has never been defeated which makes him one of the most brilliant strategists in the world. The people of Turkey feel nothing but gratitude to the man who gave a Turkey a new life.
Secularism and the Six Arrows
-Secularism is the separation of state from religion, religion from education, cultural and legal affairs. Mustafa Kemal made up the Six Arrows in which he hoped to modernize Turkey. The Six Arrows are as follows: Republicanism,Populism, Secularism,Reformism, Nationalism and Statism. Each of these "arrows" summarize Kemal's plans for Turkey. He chose to make Turkey a republic government because he believed that it was the only way he could fufill the people's desire. In populism he gave woman more rights, and he believed that no class was above any other. This would give a true sense of unification of the country.Reformism was very important to Kemal. He replaced traditional values and modernized them. For example he refused to let the Turkish people wear fez's on their heads, and he "westernized" their clothes.Nationalism was to preserve Turkey's independence.They respected one another and they did not make others feel inferior to them. Mustafa wanted his people to know that the people was what made the country so great. Statism was "Turkey's complete modernization". Kemal emphasized that Turkey could only thrive from their economy and technological development. The state was the main source of economic activities and the owners of major companies or industries in the country.
More Reforms
- Mustafa Kemal stressed that education was the important thing in the world.The only way that the country could get better socially and economically was if the people got the best education. He declared himself as the Prime Minister of Education. He expanded education for everyone and made it free so that everyone could have a chance to learn. He also valued peace. He said " peace is the most effective way for nations to attain prosperity and happiness". He build friendships and peace treaties with other nations and taught the Turkish people to respect other nations even if they wanted to conquer .Turkey years ago.Turkey had peace treaties with Greece, Romania , Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.Turkey had strong relationships with the superpowers England, United States, etc.
Mustafa Kemal's Legacy
-After his death in 1938, he left a lasting impression on the Turkish people. He helped rebuild Turkey for the better and made many positive contributions to his country. He is the most beloved icon in Turkey and because of his love and dedication to his country, the Turkish people gave him the Ataturk " The Father of Turks"
Mustafa Kemal was the First President of the Turkish Republic during the 20th century. The Turkish people were proud of their national liberator.He was the leader of the Turkish emancipation. Mustafa first started in the military before he became the leader of Turkey.He was able to fight off and defeat his enemies on the East, West and the South with an unstable army.He holds a perfect military record of having only victories and has never been defeated which makes him one of the most brilliant strategists in the world. The people of Turkey feel nothing but gratitude to the man who gave a Turkey a new life.
Secularism and the Six Arrows
-Secularism is the separation of state from religion, religion from education, cultural and legal affairs. Mustafa Kemal made up the Six Arrows in which he hoped to modernize Turkey. The Six Arrows are as follows: Republicanism,Populism, Secularism,Reformism, Nationalism and Statism. Each of these "arrows" summarize Kemal's plans for Turkey. He chose to make Turkey a republic government because he believed that it was the only way he could fufill the people's desire. In populism he gave woman more rights, and he believed that no class was above any other. This would give a true sense of unification of the country.Reformism was very important to Kemal. He replaced traditional values and modernized them. For example he refused to let the Turkish people wear fez's on their heads, and he "westernized" their clothes.Nationalism was to preserve Turkey's independence.They respected one another and they did not make others feel inferior to them. Mustafa wanted his people to know that the people was what made the country so great. Statism was "Turkey's complete modernization". Kemal emphasized that Turkey could only thrive from their economy and technological development. The state was the main source of economic activities and the owners of major companies or industries in the country.
More Reforms
- Mustafa Kemal stressed that education was the important thing in the world.The only way that the country could get better socially and economically was if the people got the best education. He declared himself as the Prime Minister of Education. He expanded education for everyone and made it free so that everyone could have a chance to learn. He also valued peace. He said " peace is the most effective way for nations to attain prosperity and happiness". He build friendships and peace treaties with other nations and taught the Turkish people to respect other nations even if they wanted to conquer .Turkey years ago.Turkey had peace treaties with Greece, Romania , Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.Turkey had strong relationships with the superpowers England, United States, etc.
Mustafa Kemal's Legacy
-After his death in 1938, he left a lasting impression on the Turkish people. He helped rebuild Turkey for the better and made many positive contributions to his country. He is the most beloved icon in Turkey and because of his love and dedication to his country, the Turkish people gave him the Ataturk " The Father of Turks"
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Film Lesson " Gandhi"
Mahatma Gandhi " The Great Soul" of India
-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is affectionately called Bapu (Father of India). He helped India gain its independence through a series of non-violent acts. One of the greatest leaders in the world Gandhi has been a role model for Martin Luther King Jr, etc. Gandhi's legacy will forever be known for many generations to come.
Early Life Gandhi
-Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in present day Gujarat, Western India. His parents arranged a marriage between Kasturbai Makhanji and Gandhi when they were 13 and 14. In 1888, Gandhi went to London to study law.Gandhi's dream was to open a practice in Bombay but his attempt failed.Two years later, Gandhi was sent to South Africa and was shocked on what he found there.
- In the film it shows a young Gandhi traveling to South Africa by train. Gandhi purchased a first class ticket which is unusual for a person of his color. The British guard on the train refuses to let Gandhi sit first class and tells him to leave, Gandhi refuses and he is thrown out of the train. It was this racial attack and the European ignorance that opened Gandhi's eyes of the treatment the British had on the Indians.The British were very harsh towards the Indian people, they didn't allow any political rights.Gandhi saw his calling and began to fight for Indian independence.
Civil Disobedience
-Gandhi stayed in South Africa for about twenty years and was imprisoned many times. In the movie his supporters would riot for his freedom and Gandhi would fast because he did not believe in violence. He taught the Indian immigrants about civil disobedience in which they would not fight the British if they beat them.After years of struggle in South Africa, the British finally gave in to Gandhi's demands such the Indian culture practice's, abolished the poll tax, and established a Red Cross for them. Gandhi felt that his fight was not yet complete until all of India was free.
Return To India
- When Gandhi returned to India he was welcomed with open arms in 1915. The Indian people had heard about what Gandhi had done in South Africa and he became a symbol of freedom. On his arrival in the movie Gandhi wore prison clothes to show that Indians did not need to buy British made clothes that they could make their own. In 1902, the Amritsar Massacre took place, in which British soldiers shot a crowd of Indians in less than 10 minutes. It was an act of cowardice because the British felt their power slipping through their fingers.Many followed Gandhi's example and began to embrace their Indian culture more than the British. They stopped wearing western clothes and wore Indian clothes instead.
The Salt March
The British began to tax the salt in India which was a huge blow to the Indians. Instead of giving in, they began to boycott and refused to buy salt. During the infamous Salt March Act, led by Gandhi the Indians began to make their salt. In a scene from a movie the British soldiers began a raid in a market. They arrested and beat Indians who were caught either selling salt or buying salt.The Indians did not fight back instead they practiced more civil disobedience. Gandhi was arrested more and more but the British could not find an excuse to imprison him.
India's Independence
-The British were forced to give India's independence in 1947 because they were fighting a lost cause. The people of India rejoiced and Gandhi was their hero. He fought for most of his life so that his country could be free, he proved that there could be a war without any violence.Unfortunately India, was split by two religions Muslim and Hinduism. They could not work out their differences despite Gandhi's efforts. On January 30, 1948 Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse while Gandhi was about speak during a prayer meeting. Godse did not like the fact that Gandhi wanted Muslims to live in India and saw him as a traitor because he believed Gandhi favored Muslims more. The people of India were suffered the most saddness because their hero had fallen.
Extra Credit
-I don't believe India's Independence was all about Gandhi because the Indian people were sick of the way the British ran their country. Though of course the Indian people would have resulted in violence for their freedom. Gandhi gave them strenght to believe it could happen but it was the people who won the war. I think it would have happended anyway because during the time of India's independence the British had already entered World War II and they did not have the time or the money to waste on India.
-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is affectionately called Bapu (Father of India). He helped India gain its independence through a series of non-violent acts. One of the greatest leaders in the world Gandhi has been a role model for Martin Luther King Jr, etc. Gandhi's legacy will forever be known for many generations to come.
Early Life Gandhi
-Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in present day Gujarat, Western India. His parents arranged a marriage between Kasturbai Makhanji and Gandhi when they were 13 and 14. In 1888, Gandhi went to London to study law.Gandhi's dream was to open a practice in Bombay but his attempt failed.Two years later, Gandhi was sent to South Africa and was shocked on what he found there.
- In the film it shows a young Gandhi traveling to South Africa by train. Gandhi purchased a first class ticket which is unusual for a person of his color. The British guard on the train refuses to let Gandhi sit first class and tells him to leave, Gandhi refuses and he is thrown out of the train. It was this racial attack and the European ignorance that opened Gandhi's eyes of the treatment the British had on the Indians.The British were very harsh towards the Indian people, they didn't allow any political rights.Gandhi saw his calling and began to fight for Indian independence.
Civil Disobedience
-Gandhi stayed in South Africa for about twenty years and was imprisoned many times. In the movie his supporters would riot for his freedom and Gandhi would fast because he did not believe in violence. He taught the Indian immigrants about civil disobedience in which they would not fight the British if they beat them.After years of struggle in South Africa, the British finally gave in to Gandhi's demands such the Indian culture practice's, abolished the poll tax, and established a Red Cross for them. Gandhi felt that his fight was not yet complete until all of India was free.
Return To India
- When Gandhi returned to India he was welcomed with open arms in 1915. The Indian people had heard about what Gandhi had done in South Africa and he became a symbol of freedom. On his arrival in the movie Gandhi wore prison clothes to show that Indians did not need to buy British made clothes that they could make their own. In 1902, the Amritsar Massacre took place, in which British soldiers shot a crowd of Indians in less than 10 minutes. It was an act of cowardice because the British felt their power slipping through their fingers.Many followed Gandhi's example and began to embrace their Indian culture more than the British. They stopped wearing western clothes and wore Indian clothes instead.
The Salt March
The British began to tax the salt in India which was a huge blow to the Indians. Instead of giving in, they began to boycott and refused to buy salt. During the infamous Salt March Act, led by Gandhi the Indians began to make their salt. In a scene from a movie the British soldiers began a raid in a market. They arrested and beat Indians who were caught either selling salt or buying salt.The Indians did not fight back instead they practiced more civil disobedience. Gandhi was arrested more and more but the British could not find an excuse to imprison him.
India's Independence
-The British were forced to give India's independence in 1947 because they were fighting a lost cause. The people of India rejoiced and Gandhi was their hero. He fought for most of his life so that his country could be free, he proved that there could be a war without any violence.Unfortunately India, was split by two religions Muslim and Hinduism. They could not work out their differences despite Gandhi's efforts. On January 30, 1948 Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse while Gandhi was about speak during a prayer meeting. Godse did not like the fact that Gandhi wanted Muslims to live in India and saw him as a traitor because he believed Gandhi favored Muslims more. The people of India were suffered the most saddness because their hero had fallen.
Extra Credit
-I don't believe India's Independence was all about Gandhi because the Indian people were sick of the way the British ran their country. Though of course the Indian people would have resulted in violence for their freedom. Gandhi gave them strenght to believe it could happen but it was the people who won the war. I think it would have happended anyway because during the time of India's independence the British had already entered World War II and they did not have the time or the money to waste on India.
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